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Migraine headaches affect millions of people worldwide and are far more complex than typical tension headaches. Migraines often begin with a prodrome phase, during which a person may experience mood changes, food cravings, or neck stiffness hours before the headache arrives. Some individuals then experience an aura, which includes visual disturbances such as flashing lights or blind spots.

The headache phase itself is characterized by intense, throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head, and is frequently accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and extreme sensitivity to light and sound. This phase can last anywhere from four to seventy-two hours without treatment. After the headache subsides, many sufferers enter a postdrome phase, feeling fatigued and mentally foggy for up to a day.

Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of this passage?

Read the following passage and answer the question.

Community gardens provide urban residents with access to fresh produce that might otherwise be unavailable or unaffordable. Beyond food production, these shared spaces foster social connections among neighbors who might never otherwise interact, breaking down isolation in densely populated cities.

Environmentally, community gardens contribute to reducing the urban heat island effect by adding vegetation to paved landscapes. They also support pollinators such as bees and butterflies, which are critical for broader ecological health. Rainwater absorption in garden beds reduces stormwater runoff, lowering strain on city drainage systems.

Which sentence most accurately summarizes the passage?

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The history of public libraries in the United States is closely tied to democratic ideals. Early libraries in the colonial era were private collections accessible only to wealthy subscribers. As the nation grew, reformers argued that a truly democratic society required an informed citizenry, and that information should not be gated behind financial barriers.

The mid-nineteenth century saw a wave of publicly funded library construction, supported in part by philanthropists who believed in civic education. By the early twentieth century, Andrew Carnegie alone had funded the construction of over two thousand library buildings across the country, dramatically expanding access.

Today, public libraries provide far more than books. They offer internet access, job training, literacy programs, and community meeting space, serving as vital equalizers in communities with significant economic disparity.

Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

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Sleep deprivation has measurable effects on cognitive performance. Even a single night of reduced sleep impairs attention, working memory, and decision-making ability. Tasks requiring sustained concentration show the sharpest decline, while highly automated or routine tasks are affected less.

Chronic sleep deprivation compounds these effects. Over days or weeks of insufficient sleep, individuals often fail to perceive how impaired they have become. This self-unawareness makes chronically sleep-deprived individuals particularly prone to errors in high-stakes settings such as healthcare, transportation, and emergency response.

An adequate amount of sleep, generally defined as seven to nine hours per night for adults, is essential for restoring the neural functions that support clear thinking and sound judgment.

Which of the following best captures the central message of the passage?

Which decimal is equivalent to 3/4?

What percentage is equivalent to 0.06?

Which fraction, in lowest terms, is equivalent to 40%?

A patient record shows that 0.875 of a prescribed dose was administered. What percentage of the dose was given?

Which directional term describes a structure that is closer to the midline of the body?

A cut that divides the body into left and right portions is made along which plane?

The heart and lungs are located within which body cavity?

In standard anatomical position, the palms of the hands face which direction?

Which of the following words is spelled correctly?

Which spelling correctly completes the sentence? “The doctor warned the patient about a possible ______ of symptoms after stopping treatment early.”

Which of the following is the correct plural form of the word ‘analysis’?

Which sentence uses the correct word in context?