DANB CDA – GC: Dental Materials — Quick Review

What are the main components of dental amalgam?

Mercury mixed with a metal alloy powder (silver, tin, copper, zinc)

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Resin matrix with glass filler particles

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Zinc oxide mixed with eugenol liquid

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Calcium hydroxide paste and catalyst

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The dentist asks the dental assistant to prepare composite material for a posterior restoration. Which type of composite is most appropriate?

Hybrid or nanofill composite for its balance of strength and esthetics

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Microfill composite designed only for anterior use

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Flowable composite as the sole restorative material

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Unfilled resin bonding agent as the restoration

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What is the function of the bonding agent (adhesive) used with composite restorations?

To create a micromechanical bond between the tooth structure and the composite resin

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To dissolve the enamel for better material flow

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To replace the need for cavity preparation

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To permanently numb the tooth during placement

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Which impression material is considered the most accurate for crown and bridge final impressions?

Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS / addition silicone)

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Alginate

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Zinc oxide eugenol impression paste

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Compound impression material

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The dental assistant is mixing alginate impression material and notices it is setting faster than expected. Which factor most likely caused the rapid set?

The water used was too warm

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The impression tray was too small

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Too much powder was used in the mix

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The spatulation time was too short

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What type of impression tray is custom-made from a diagnostic model for a specific patient?

Custom tray (fabricated from acrylic or light-cured resin on a study model)

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Stock metal tray

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Disposable foam tray

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Bite registration tray

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What is the difference between a liner and a base in restorative dentistry?

A liner is a thin layer applied to protect the pulp, while a base is a thicker layer that provides thermal insulation and structural support

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A liner is used only on enamel, while a base is used only on dentin

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A liner replaces missing tooth structure, while a base replaces the restoration

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There is no difference; the terms are interchangeable

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The dentist plans to cement a ceramic crown. Which cement should be avoided because it may discolor the translucent restoration?

Zinc phosphate cement (due to its opaque white appearance)

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Translucent resin cement

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Light-cured resin cement

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Clear glass ionomer cement

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What is the purpose of a temporary (provisional) restoration?

To protect the prepared tooth and maintain spacing until the permanent restoration is placed

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To serve as a permanent replacement for the tooth

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To whiten the tooth during the waiting period

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To replace the need for a final impression

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A patient calls to report that the temporary crown placed yesterday has come off. What should the dental assistant advise?

Keep the temporary crown and come to the office as soon as possible to have it recemented

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Throw the temporary away and wait for the permanent crown appointment

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Glue it back on with household adhesive

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Leave the area uncovered; it will not cause any problems

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Which material is commonly used to fabricate a chairside temporary crown?

Bis-acryl composite or acrylic resin

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Dental amalgam

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Porcelain powder mixed with water

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Gold alloy

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Which type of gypsum product has the highest compressive strength and is used when maximum accuracy and expansion control are required for die fabrication?

Type V high-strength, high-expansion die stone

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Type II laboratory plaster

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Type III dental stone

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Type IV die stone

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What type of wax is used to record the patient’s bite relationship (occlusal registration)?

Baseplate wax or bite registration wax

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Sticky wax

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Utility wax

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Boxing wax

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When mixing dental stone for a study model, the dental assistant notices the mix is too thin and watery. What is the most likely cause?

Too much water was used relative to the amount of powder

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The water was too cold

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The mixing time was too long

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The vibrator setting was too high

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What document provides information about the hazards, safe handling, and emergency procedures for a dental material?

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

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Patient consent form

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HIPAA authorization form

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Insurance claim form

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A dental assistant accidentally spills a small amount of liquid mercury from an amalgam capsule on the countertop. What is the correct action?

Use a mercury spill kit to carefully collect the mercury and dispose of it according to hazardous waste regulations

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Wipe it up with a paper towel and discard in regular trash

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Vacuum it up with the office vacuum cleaner

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Leave it and it will evaporate on its own

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What personal protective equipment should a dental assistant wear when mixing acrylic resin for a temporary crown?

Gloves and protective eyewear; work in a well-ventilated area

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No PPE is required for acrylic resin

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Only a face shield without gloves

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A lead apron and thyroid collar

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Which type of dental cement is known for its sedative effect on the pulp?

Zinc oxide eugenol

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Glass ionomer

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Zinc phosphate

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Resin cement

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Polycarboxylate cement bonds to tooth structure through which mechanism?

Chemical bonding to calcium in the tooth

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Mechanical interlocking with enamel rods

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Light-cured resin adhesion

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Thermal expansion and contraction

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A dentist asks you to prepare a cement for permanent cementation of a porcelain crown. The cement should bond to both the restoration and the tooth without a separate etching step. Which cement type should you select?

Self-adhesive resin cement

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Zinc oxide eugenol cement

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Zinc phosphate cement

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Temporary cement

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What is the primary purpose of applying cavity varnish to a prepared tooth?

To seal dentinal tubules and reduce microleakage

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To etch the enamel for bonding

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To provide thermal insulation for the pulp

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To increase the retention of the restoration

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A patient reports sensitivity to cold after receiving a composite restoration one week ago. The dentist suspects a gap at the tooth-restoration interface. Which product would have been most effective at preventing this issue during the initial placement?

Desensitizer

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Cavity varnish

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Zinc oxide eugenol liner

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Temporary cement

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What is the function of a dentin bonding agent in restorative dentistry?

To create a bond between the resin restoration and the tooth dentin

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To replace the need for mechanical retention in the preparation

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To sterilize the prepared tooth surface before restoration placement

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To provide a sedative effect on the dental pulp

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What is the purpose of applying an etchant (phosphoric acid) to enamel before placing a composite restoration?

To create microscopic irregularities for mechanical bonding

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To sterilize the enamel surface

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To remove the smear layer from dentin only

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To chemically bond the composite directly to enamel

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During a composite restoration, the dentist has etched and rinsed the tooth. You are asked to hand the next material in the bonding sequence. Which product should you pass?

Primer

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Composite resin

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Cavity liner

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Desensitizer

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In a bonding system, what is the role of the adhesive (bonding resin)?

To form the connection between the primer layer and the composite restoration

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To dissolve the smear layer on the dentin surface

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To etch the enamel for micromechanical retention

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To insulate the pulp from thermal changes

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A dental practice uses a total-etch bonding system for composite restorations. The dentist is considering switching to a self-etch system for certain procedures. What is a key advantage of the self-etch approach?

It reduces technique sensitivity by eliminating the separate acid etching step

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It produces stronger enamel bonds than total-etch systems

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It eliminates the need for any bonding agent application

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It allows the use of eugenol-containing materials as a base

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The dentist wants to bond a composite restoration to a tooth that has both enamel and dentin surfaces exposed. She asks you to set up for selective etch technique. Which surfaces will receive phosphoric acid?

Enamel margins only

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Both enamel and dentin surfaces

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Dentin surfaces only

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Neither surface

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Which term describes the process of using cement to attach an indirect restoration, such as a crown, to a prepared tooth?

Luting

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Bonding

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Etching

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Curing

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A patient returns to the office because a temporary crown has come off two days after placement. Which type of cement was most likely used to seat the temporary crown?

Temporary cement

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Glass ionomer cement

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Resin cement

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Zinc phosphate cement

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The dentist is selecting a permanent cement for a metal crown on a tooth with a deep preparation close to the pulp. The dentist wants a cement that provides fluoride release and chemical bonding. Which cement best meets these requirements?

Glass ionomer cement

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Zinc phosphate cement

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Self-adhesive resin cement

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Zinc oxide eugenol cement

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Which property of a dental cement describes its ability to be tolerated by living tissues without causing harm?

Biocompatibility

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Viscosity

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Compressive strength

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Working time

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The dentist places a total-etch bonding system and instructs you to time the etch application. For how long is phosphoric acid typically left on enamel before rinsing?

15 to 20 seconds

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5 to 10 seconds

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30 to 60 seconds

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60 to 90 seconds

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Why should eugenol-containing cements be avoided under composite resin restorations?

Eugenol inhibits the polymerization of composite resin

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Eugenol causes the composite to discolor over time

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Eugenol dissolves the enamel bond created by the etchant

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Eugenol increases the thermal conductivity of the restoration

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Which impression material is commonly known as alginate?

Irreversible hydrocolloid

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Polyvinyl siloxane

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Polyether

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Polysulfide

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Agar impression material is classified as which type of hydrocolloid?

Reversible hydrocolloid

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Irreversible hydrocolloid

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Elastomeric impression material

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Rigid impression material

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The dentist needs an extremely accurate final impression for a fixed bridge. Which elastomeric impression material offers the best dimensional stability over time?

Polyether

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Alginate

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Condensation silicone

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Impression compound

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Which characteristic distinguishes polysulfide impression material from other elastomeric materials?

It has a strong, unpleasant odor and long setting time

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It sets within 30 seconds of mixing

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It is available only in a light body viscosity

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It cannot be poured more than once

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A dental assistant notices that condensation silicone impressions taken at the office frequently distort before the laboratory can pour them. What is the most likely cause?

Condensation silicone releases a volatile byproduct during polymerization, causing shrinkage over time

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The impression trays are too large for the patient's arch

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The material was mixed at too high a speed

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The water temperature used during mixing was too cold

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Which category of impression materials includes polyvinyl siloxane, polyether, and polysulfide?

Elastomeric impression materials

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Hydrocolloid impression materials

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Rigid impression materials

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Thermoplastic impression materials

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While mixing alginate, the dental assistant notices the material is setting faster than expected. What is the most likely cause?

The water used was warmer than recommended

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Too much powder was added to the mix

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The mixing time was too short

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The impression tray was too small

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Which property of an impression material describes its ability to maintain its size and shape after removal from the mouth?

Dimensional stability

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Tear strength

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Elastic recovery

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Flow

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When removing an impression of a quadrant with a fixed bridge, the dental assistant notices the impression material has torn in the interproximal area. Which material property was insufficient?

Tear strength

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Dimensional stability

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Working time

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Biocompatibility

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An impression material that attracts water and can accurately capture detail in a moist environment is described as which of the following?

Hydrophilic

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Hydrophobic

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Thermoplastic

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Exothermic

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A dental assistant is preparing to take an alginate impression and notices the material has not been fluffed before dispensing. Why is it important to fluff alginate powder before measuring?

Alginate powder compacts during storage, and fluffing ensures an accurate powder-to-water ratio

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Fluffing activates the chemical initiator in the powder

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Fluffing removes moisture that may have been absorbed during storage

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Fluffing changes the setting time of the material

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What type of mixing system dispenses two impression material pastes simultaneously through a single tip?

Automix cartridge system

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Hand spatulation on a paper pad

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Vacuum mixing unit

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Mechanical triturator

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The dentist asks you to hand mix polysulfide impression material on a paper pad. What technique should be used to minimize air incorporation during mixing?

Use broad strokes while pressing the spatula flat against the pad

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Stir the material in circular motions using the tip of the spatula

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Fold the material repeatedly without spreading it across the pad

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Mix quickly using short, choppy strokes

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During a crown and bridge impression, the dentist loads a syringe with impression material before injecting it around the prepared tooth. What viscosity of material is typically used in the syringe?

Light body

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Heavy body

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Putty

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Monophase

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Which viscosity of elastomeric impression material is used in the tray to provide bulk and rigidity?

Heavy body

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Light body

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Medium body

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Extra light body

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Putty impression material is most commonly used in which impression technique?

Two-step putty-wash technique

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Single-mix monophase technique

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Agar-alginate combination technique

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Bite registration technique

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The office is deciding between polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) and polyether for final impressions. A dental assistant notes that many patients have heavy saliva flow. Which material property should most influence this decision?

Hydrophilicity of the material in its unset state

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Tear strength after setting

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Cost per cartridge

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Available working time

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An alginate impression was left on the countertop for 30 minutes before the dental assistant attempted to pour it. The resulting model shows significant distortion. What phenomenon most likely caused this?

Syneresis and evaporation caused the impression to shrink

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The alginate absorbed water from the air and expanded

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The stone was poured at too high a water ratio

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The impression tray was not rigid enough

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A material that repels water and may produce voids when used in a moist environment is described as which of the following?

Hydrophobic

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Hydrophilic

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Hygroscopic

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Exothermic

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Which type of prefabricated temporary crown is a thin metal shell that is trimmed, contoured, and filled with temporary material to cover a prepared tooth?

Aluminum shell crown

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Polycarbonate crown

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Stainless steel crown

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Celluloid strip crown

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What is the primary advantage of using a polycarbonate crown as a temporary restoration for an anterior tooth?

It is tooth-colored and provides a natural, esthetic appearance

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It is the strongest temporary crown option available

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It can be used as a permanent restoration

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It does not require any trimming or adjustment

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A dentist has prepared a primary molar on a pediatric patient for a full coverage restoration that will remain in place until the tooth is naturally exfoliated. Which crown type is most appropriate?

Stainless steel crown

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Aluminum shell crown

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Polycarbonate crown

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Custom acrylic temporary crown

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Which cement is commonly used to lute a temporary crown and contains eugenol, which has a sedative effect on the dental pulp?

Zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement

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Glass ionomer cement

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Resin-modified glass ionomer cement

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Zinc phosphate cement

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A patient will receive a composite resin final restoration. Why would the dentist choose a non-eugenol temporary cement instead of ZOE cement for the provisional restoration?

Eugenol can interfere with the polymerization of composite resin materials

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Non-eugenol cement is less expensive than ZOE cement

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ZOE cement cannot be used on posterior teeth

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Non-eugenol cement provides stronger retention for the temporary crown

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A dental assistant is fabricating a custom temporary crown using a preliminary impression taken before the tooth was prepared. What is this fabrication technique called?

The indirect (or custom) temporary fabrication technique using a preoperative impression

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The direct composite bonding technique

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The prefabricated crown selection technique

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The laboratory cast restoration technique

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What is the difference between a prefabricated temporary crown and a custom temporary crown?

A prefabricated crown is a preformed shell selected by size, while a custom crown is made from an impression of the patient's original tooth

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A prefabricated crown is made in a dental laboratory, while a custom crown is made chairside

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A prefabricated crown is permanent, while a custom crown is temporary

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A prefabricated crown uses ZOE cement, while a custom crown uses permanent cement

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After placing a temporary crown, the dental assistant checks the occlusion with articulating paper and finds a heavy mark on the mesiolingual cusp. What should be done?

Adjust the high spot by carefully trimming the marked area with an acrylic bur

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Remove the entire temporary and fabricate a new one from scratch

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Leave the high spot, as temporaries do not need occlusal adjustment

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Add more temporary material to the opposing cusp to even out the bite

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A patient presents with a temporary crown that has an open margin on the lingual surface. The gingival tissue in that area appears red and inflamed. What is the most likely cause of the tissue irritation?

Poor marginal adaptation of the temporary crown is allowing plaque accumulation and irritating the tissue

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The temporary cement has an allergic component causing a localized reaction

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The patient is brushing the area too aggressively around the temporary

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The temporary crown material is leaching a toxic substance into the tissue

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When trimming a temporary crown, the dental assistant notices that the interproximal contact is too tight, making it difficult to pass dental floss. What is the appropriate action?

Carefully reduce the interproximal surface with a finishing strip or bur until floss passes with slight resistance

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Leave the contact tight because it will wear down naturally over a few days

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Remove all interproximal material to ensure the patient can floss easily

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Apply petroleum jelly to the contact area so floss slides through

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What is the primary purpose of a temporary bridge (fixed provisional prosthesis) placed after multiple teeth are prepared?

To protect the prepared teeth, maintain spacing, and preserve occlusion until the final bridge is cemented

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To permanently replace the missing teeth without a laboratory-fabricated restoration

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To serve as the final restoration if the patient approves the appearance

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To strengthen the prepared teeth so they can withstand greater chewing forces

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A patient returns to have a temporary crown removed before cementation of the permanent crown. Which instrument is typically used to carefully dislodge a temporary crown cemented with ZOE?

A crown remover or a large spoon excavator placed at the margin

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A high-speed handpiece with a diamond bur to cut through the crown

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A pair of cotton pliers placed on the occlusal surface

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An ultrasonic scaler tip directed under the crown margin

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A dental assistant is selecting a temporary cement for a provisional crown. The prepared tooth has a history of sensitivity, and the final restoration will be an all-ceramic crown bonded with resin cement. Which temporary cement is the best choice?

Non-eugenol temporary cement

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Zinc oxide eugenol cement

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Zinc phosphate cement

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Resin-modified glass ionomer cement

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Why is it important for a temporary restoration to maintain proper interproximal contact with adjacent teeth?

To prevent drifting of adjacent teeth and food impaction between teeth

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To permanently stabilize the teeth in the arch

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To ensure the temporary restoration does not need any occlusal adjustment

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To prevent the need for a final permanent restoration

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After trimming and polishing a custom temporary crown, the dental assistant evaluates the margins. The margin on the facial surface appears to extend 1 mm beyond the prepared finish line. What should be done?

Trim the excess material at the margin so it is flush with the preparation finish line

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Leave the excess because it provides extra protection for the tooth structure

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Add flowable composite to the overextended area to smooth the transition

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Cement the temporary as is and let the patient report any discomfort

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What is the term for the mechanical process of mixing amalgam alloy with mercury?

Trituration

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Condensation

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Burnishing

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Polymerization

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The dental assistant is preparing to mix amalgam. The dentist requests a large restoration mix. Which adjustment should the assistant make on the amalgamator?

Select a larger capsule or adjust the proportioning to increase the amount of alloy and mercury

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Increase the trituration speed to maximum setting

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Decrease the trituration time by half

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Use two small capsules and mix them together on a mixing pad

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Which instrument is used to pack amalgam into a prepared cavity?

Condenser

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Burnisher

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Carver

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Explorer

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After the dentist completes an amalgam restoration, the assistant observes that the occlusal anatomy needs to be refined. Which instrument would the dentist use to carve the anatomy of the restoration?

Discoid-cleoid carver

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Tofflemire retainer

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Ball burnisher

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Howe pliers

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What is the purpose of burnishing an amalgam restoration?

To smooth the surface and adapt the margins of the amalgam to the cavity walls

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To remove excess amalgam from the occlusal surface

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To check the patient's occlusion against the opposing teeth

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To apply a protective coating over the amalgam surface

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Which type of composite resin contains larger filler particles and is designed for posterior restorations where higher strength is needed?

Packable composite

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Flowable composite

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Microfill composite

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Hybrid composite

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A patient requires a composite restoration on tooth #8. The dental assistant is preparing the shade guide. When should shade selection for the composite be performed?

Before the tooth is isolated and dried, under natural lighting conditions

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After the tooth is etched and bonding agent is applied

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After the rubber dam is placed and the tooth is completely dry

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At the end of the appointment before the patient is dismissed

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What is the concentration of phosphoric acid most commonly used as an etchant in composite bonding procedures?

37%

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10%

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50%

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75%

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During a composite restoration, the dentist asks the assistant to prepare the etchant. After the etchant is applied and the recommended time has elapsed, what is the next step?

Rinse the etchant thoroughly with water and gently dry the tooth

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Apply the composite resin directly over the etchant

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Wipe the etchant off with a cotton pellet and proceed with bonding

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Apply a second layer of etchant for additional retention

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A dental assistant is assisting with a deep Class II composite restoration. The dentist places the composite in a single large increment and light cures it. The patient returns two weeks later with sensitivity. What is the most likely cause of the sensitivity?

Polymerization shrinkage from placing the composite in one large increment rather than incrementally

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The shade of composite selected was too dark for the tooth

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The curing light was held too close to the tooth surface

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The tooth was not etched long enough before bonding

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What is the recommended curing time for most light-cured composite resins per increment?

20 seconds

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5 seconds

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60 seconds

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120 seconds

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The dentist has completed a composite restoration on tooth #5 and asks the assistant to help with finishing. Which rotary instrument is typically used first to contour and shape a composite restoration?

Finishing diamond bur or carbide finishing bur

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Rubber polishing cup with prophy paste

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Mandrel with a coarse sandpaper disc

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Green stone mounted on a slow handpiece

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After finishing a composite restoration, what is the purpose of polishing?

To create a smooth surface that resists staining and plaque accumulation

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To increase the hardness of the composite material

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To bond the composite more securely to the tooth structure

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To verify that the composite has fully polymerized

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A dental assistant notices that composite restorations placed in the office have been requiring frequent repairs due to fractures. The curing light is checked and produces adequate intensity. Which factor should be investigated next?

Whether the composite is being placed in proper incremental layers of 2 mm or less

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Whether the office temperature is affecting the composite shade

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Whether the bonding agent is being refrigerated between uses

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Whether the finishing burs are being replaced frequently enough

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Which type of composite contains a blend of different filler particle sizes to provide both strength and polishability?

Hybrid composite

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Macrofill composite

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Microfill composite

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Flowable composite

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

An amalgam mix appears dry and crumbly when expressed from the capsule. The dental assistant set the amalgamator to the standard speed and time. What is the most likely cause?

The trituration time was too short, resulting in undermixed amalgam

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The capsule contained too much mercury relative to alloy

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The amalgamator speed was set too high

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The capsule was stored in a warm environment before mixing

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is the primary health hazard associated with mercury vapor exposure in a dental office that uses amalgam?

Mercury vapor can be absorbed through the lungs and may cause neurological damage with chronic exposure

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mercury vapor causes immediate skin burns on contact

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mercury vapor is only hazardous if swallowed in liquid form

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mercury vapor exposure has no measurable health effects at dental office levels

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A dental assistant notices that a bottle of bonding agent has passed its printed expiration date. What is the appropriate action?

Remove the expired material from the clinical area and replace it with a new, unexpired product

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Continue using the material since dental bonding agents do not truly expire

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Test the material on a practice tooth before deciding whether to use it

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Extend the shelf life by refrigerating the bonding agent

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What type of container should be used to store amalgam scrap and extracted teeth with amalgam restorations?

A sealed, airtight container with a small amount of photographic fixer or glycerin solution

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

An open container placed near the sterilization area

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A regular plastic bag in the general waste stream

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A sharps container alongside used needles and blades

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is the purpose of an amalgam separator in a dental office?

To capture amalgam particles from wastewater before they enter the public sewer system

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To filter mercury vapor from the operatory air supply

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To separate amalgam alloy from mercury before trituration

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To dispose of amalgam waste through incineration

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A patient reports a history of latex allergy before a restorative procedure. Which action should the dental assistant take regarding dental materials?

Check all materials and products for latex content, including gloves, rubber dam, and prophy cups, and substitute latex-free alternatives

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Proceed normally since dental materials rarely contain latex

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Only change gloves to nitrile but use standard rubber dam material

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Cancel the appointment and refer the patient to an allergist

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A dental assistant is organizing the chemical storage area and finds glutaraldehyde disinfectant, acid etch gel, and composite bonding resin on the same shelf. Which storage concern should be addressed first?

Glutaraldehyde must be stored in a well-ventilated area with a sealed container because its vapors are a respiratory and skin sensitizer

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Acid etch gel must be stored separately from all other chemicals due to explosion risk

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Composite bonding resin must be refrigerated at all times to prevent premature polymerization

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

All three chemicals can remain on the same shelf without any special precautions

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

After placing a temporary restoration using eugenol-containing cement, the patient reports a burning sensation in the soft tissue adjacent to the tooth. What is the most likely cause?

The patient may have a sensitivity to eugenol, which can cause a localized tissue irritation or allergic reaction

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The cement was mixed too thickly and is generating excessive heat

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The tooth requires immediate root canal treatment due to irreversible pulpitis

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The burning sensation indicates the cement has already failed and must be replaced

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Which mercury hygiene practice should be followed when preparing amalgam in a dental office?

Use precapsulated amalgam to avoid handling loose mercury and alloy powder

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mix mercury and alloy in an open container using a mortar and pestle

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Store bulk mercury in an unlocked cabinet at room temperature

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Heat the amalgam capsule before trituration to improve mixing quality

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A dental material manufacturer changes the formulation of a composite resin, and the Safety Data Sheet is updated. What is the dental assistant’s responsibility regarding the new SDS?

Ensure the updated SDS replaces the outdated version in the office SDS binder and review any changes in hazard warnings or handling precautions

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Discard the old SDS but there is no need to review the updated version

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Keep both versions on file but only reference the original SDS

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Wait for the next OSHA inspection before updating the SDS collection

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Which factor most directly affects the shelf life of light-cured composite resin materials?

Exposure to ambient light, which can cause premature polymerization

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The humidity level of the storage room

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Proximity to autoclave steam during sterilization cycles

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The color shade selected by the dentist

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A dental assistant notices that a patient develops contact dermatitis on their lips after a composite restoration is placed. Which material component is the most likely cause of this reaction?

Uncured resin monomer (such as Bis-GMA or HEMA) that contacted the soft tissue

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The filler particles within the cured composite

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The curing light used to polymerize the composite

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The polishing paste applied after placement

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

How should dental materials requiring specific temperature storage, such as certain impression materials and cements, be managed in the office?

Follow the manufacturer's storage instructions, including recommended temperature ranges, and monitor storage conditions regularly

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Store all dental materials together at room temperature regardless of manufacturer instructions

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Freeze dental materials to extend their shelf life beyond the printed expiration date

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Store materials in the sterilization area where temperatures are consistently high

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The dental office is evaluating whether to continue offering amalgam restorations. From a material safety perspective, which consideration is most relevant to the dental assistant’s daily practice?

Proper mercury hygiene protocols, amalgam waste disposal, and amalgam separator maintenance must be maintained as long as amalgam is used in the practice

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Amalgam restorations are banned in the United States and can no longer be offered

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mercury hygiene is only necessary during amalgam placement, not during removal of existing restorations

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The dental assistant has no role in amalgam safety decisions since that is solely the dentist's responsibility

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Which type of dental wax is used to create a pattern for a cast metal restoration?

Inlay wax

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Utility wax

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Boxing wax

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sticky wax

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Which property must a casting wax exhibit to produce an accurate cast metal restoration?

Complete burnout without residue at casting temperatures

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

High flexibility at room temperature for easy adaptation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Resistance to melting when exposed to mouth temperature

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Adhesion to the investment material for pattern stability

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Type V gypsum is also known by which common name?

High-strength, high-expansion dental stone

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Model plaster

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Laboratory dental stone

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Orthodontic plaster

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A dental assistant is mixing dental stone and notices that the material is hardening before the pour is complete. Which factor most likely caused the reduced setting time?

Using warm water instead of room temperature water for the mix

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Using a vacuum mixer instead of hand spatulation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Adding too much water relative to the powder

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Allowing the mix to sit undisturbed for 30 seconds before pouring

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is setting expansion in dental gypsum products?

A slight increase in dimensions that occurs as the gypsum crystallizes and hardens

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A decrease in volume caused by water evaporation during the setting process

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

An increase in flexibility that allows the model to be adjusted after setting

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A color change that indicates the gypsum has fully polymerized

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A dental assistant is using a model trimmer to finish a set of diagnostic casts. Which safety precaution is most important when operating the model trimmer?

Keep fingers away from the abrasive wheel and use steady water flow during trimming

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Wear sterile surgical gloves to prevent contamination of the cast

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Apply a separating medium to the cast before placing it on the trimmer

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Turn off the water supply to prevent the gypsum from softening

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

When pouring a dental impression with Type III stone, what technique should the dental assistant use to minimize air bubbles in the cast?

Add small increments of mixed stone to the most critical areas first while vibrating the impression gently

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fill the entire impression quickly with a large amount of stone to prevent voids

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Pour the stone from the highest point of the impression to push air downward

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Allow the stone to reach initial set before placing it in the impression

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is the purpose of applying a separation medium to a dental impression before pouring gypsum?

To prevent the set gypsum from bonding to the impression material

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To accelerate the setting time of the gypsum product

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To increase the strength of the finished gypsum cast

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To disinfect the impression before the pouring process

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A dental assistant prepares two batches of Type III dental stone using the same powder. The first batch has a smooth, creamy consistency while the second batch is thick and difficult to pour. What is the most likely explanation for the difference?

The second batch was mixed with less water than the recommended water to powder ratio

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The second batch was mixed using a rubber bowl instead of a vacuum mixer

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The first batch contained a higher concentration of calcium sulfate

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The second batch was stored in a warmer area of the laboratory

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Which type of gypsum product is classified as die stone and is used to create highly accurate dies for indirect restorations?

Type IV dental stone

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Type I impression plaster

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Type II model plaster

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Type III dental stone

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Type IV die stone has which of the following characteristics compared to Type II model plaster?

Higher compressive strength and lower setting expansion

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Lower compressive strength and higher setting expansion

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Similar compressive strength but faster setting time

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Higher water-to-powder ratio and more porosity

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Which mechanical property measures the ability of a gypsum product to resist crushing forces?

Compressive strength

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tensile strength

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Shear strength

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Flexural modulus

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

When mixing alginate impression material by hand, what technique should the dental assistant use?

Press the mix against the sides of the rubber bowl with a wide-bladed spatula using a stropping motion

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Stir the mix in a circular motion using a cement spatula

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fold the mix gently with a plastic instrument to avoid incorporating air

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Shake the bowl vigorously to combine the powder and water

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

In a two-viscosity impression technique using polyvinyl siloxane (PVS), what is the purpose of the light-body (syringe) material?

To capture fine detail of the preparation margins and tooth surfaces by being injected directly around the prepared tooth

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To fill the entire impression tray as the primary bulk material

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To act as an adhesive between the tray and the heavy-body material

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To disinfect the preparation before the heavy-body material is placed

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

After placing a temporary crown, the patient reports that it feels high when biting down. What should be done to correct this issue?

Check the occlusion with articulating paper and adjust (trim) the temporary crown until the patient's bite feels even

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Remove the temporary and send the patient home without a restoration

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tell the patient the bite will settle on its own within a few days

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Add more temporary cement to raise the adjacent teeth to match

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A dental assistant who routinely wears latex gloves develops redness, itching, and hives on her hands after glove use. What is the most likely cause, and what should she do?

She likely has a latex sensitivity or allergy; she should switch to non-latex gloves (such as nitrile) and report the reaction to the employer

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

She should apply hand lotion before putting on latex gloves to prevent the reaction

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

She should wear two pairs of latex gloves to reduce skin contact

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

She should continue using latex gloves since the reaction will subside with repeated use

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

After seating a temporary crown, the dental assistant checks the patient’s bite with articulating paper. The patient reports that the temporary feels high on one side. What should happen next?

The dentist adjusts the occlusion by trimming the temporary crown until the bite is even

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The temporary is removed and a new one is fabricated from scratch

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The patient is told the high spot will wear down naturally within a few days

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The temporary is reseated with additional cement to correct the height

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is the correct mixing technique for alginate impression material?

Use a vigorous stropping motion, pressing the material against the side of the rubber bowl with a wide-blade spatula

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Fold the material gently with a cement spatula to avoid incorporating air bubbles

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Stir the material in a circular motion on a glass mixing slab until smooth

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Use a mechanical mixer set to low speed for 60 seconds to achieve a uniform consistency

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is the process called when mercury and alloy powder are mechanically mixed together to form dental amalgam?

Trituration

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polymerization

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Condensation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Spatulation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The dentist asks the dental assistant to mix zinc phosphate cement for cementation of a cast gold crown. What technique should the assistant use?

Incorporate the powder into the liquid in small increments over a large area of a cool, dry glass slab to dissipate the exothermic heat of the reaction

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mix the entire amount of powder into the liquid at once on a paper mixing pad to save time

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Heat the glass slab before mixing to accelerate the setting reaction for faster placement

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Add the liquid to the powder gradually on a warm glass slab to extend working time

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Which elastomeric impression material has the highest accuracy and dimensional stability over time?

Polyvinyl siloxane (PVS, addition silicone)

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Alginate (irreversible hydrocolloid)

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polysulfide (rubber base)

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Zinc oxide eugenol impression paste

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is the purpose of baseplate wax in dentistry?

To fabricate baseplates for denture try-in and to establish occlusal rim height and jaw relationships

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To seal the margins of temporary crowns against moisture leakage

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To block out undercuts on a model before fabricating a custom tray

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To bond orthodontic bands to the enamel surface of teeth

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A mercury spill occurs in the operatory when an amalgam capsule ruptures during trituration. What is the correct response?

Evacuate the immediate area, use the office mercury spill kit to contain and collect the mercury, and ventilate the room

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sweep up the mercury with a broom and dustpan and dispose of it in the regular trash

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Use a vacuum cleaner to quickly collect all visible mercury droplets from the floor

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Ignore small spills since the mercury will evaporate on its own within a few hours

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A patient calls the office after their temporary crown came off over the weekend. What instruction should the dental assistant provide?

Advise the patient to try reinserting the temporary with a small amount of toothpaste or temporary cement, and schedule a prompt appointment for re-cementation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tell the patient to discard the temporary since a new one will need to be made at the next appointment

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Advise the patient to superglue the temporary back in place until they can come in

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Tell the patient not to worry and wait until the permanent crown appointment in two weeks

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Which type of cement releases fluoride over time and bonds chemically to tooth structure?

Glass ionomer cement

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Zinc phosphate cement

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Zinc oxide eugenol cement

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polycarboxylate cement

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A dental assistant is assisting with a composite restoration. The dentist places the composite in thin layers rather than filling the cavity all at once. What is the reason for this incremental placement technique?

To minimize polymerization shrinkage, which can create gaps between the restoration and the tooth if too much material is cured at once

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To allow each layer to air dry before placing the next one for better bonding

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To enable the dental assistant to check the shade match after each layer

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To give the patient time to rest between composite applications

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Why is non-eugenol temporary cement preferred over zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement when a tooth will receive a composite or porcelain restoration?

Eugenol can inhibit the polymerization (setting) of composite resin and resin cements, weakening the final bond

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Eugenol-containing cements are stronger than needed for temporary cementation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Non-eugenol cements provide a stronger bond than ZOE for permanent cementation

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

ZOE cement is only available in a self-curing formulation that sets too quickly

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

When mixing alginate for an impression, the dental assistant accidentally uses too much water. What effect will this have on the set impression?

The impression will be weaker, more flexible, and may distort when removed from the mouth or during model pouring

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The impression will set faster and have increased accuracy

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

The impression will be harder and more rigid than a correctly mixed batch

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Excess water has no effect on the final properties of the set alginate

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is the main difference between a hybrid composite and a microfill composite resin?

Hybrid composites contain a mixture of particle sizes for strength and polishability, while microfill composites have very small particles for superior polish but lower strength

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Hybrid composites are self-curing while microfill composites require light curing

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Hybrid composites are used only for posterior teeth while microfill composites are used only for anterior teeth

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Hybrid composites contain fluoride while microfill composites do not release any fluoride

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A dental assistant is trimming a study model on the model trimmer. What safety precaution is most important during this task?

Wear eye protection and keep fingers away from the abrasive trimming wheel while the water is running

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Wear sterile surgical gloves to prevent contamination of the model surface

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Work in complete darkness to avoid light-curing the gypsum material

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Hold the model against the wheel with maximum pressure to trim it quickly

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What PPE should a dental assistant wear when handling liquid methyl methacrylate monomer during temporary crown fabrication?

Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, not latex) and work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling vapors

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Standard latex examination gloves are sufficient for all dental material handling

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

No PPE is needed since methyl methacrylate is classified as a non-hazardous material

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A full face respirator and chemical suit are required any time methyl methacrylate is used

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What property of zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) cement makes it useful as a temporary restorative material and sedative base?

The eugenol component has a sedative (soothing) effect on the dental pulp

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

ZOE provides the strongest bond of all dental cements to tooth structure

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

ZOE releases fluoride continuously to prevent recurrent caries

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

ZOE hardens to the same strength as dental amalgam after 24 hours

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is the primary advantage of polyether impression material compared to other elastomeric materials?

Polyether is highly hydrophilic, providing accurate impressions even in the presence of moisture

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polyether is the most flexible material, making removal from undercuts easy

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polyether has the longest working time of all impression materials

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Polyether is the least expensive elastomeric impression material available

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What type of dental wax is used to take a preliminary record of the patient’s bite relationship?

Bite registration wax (wafer wax), which softens when heated and records the occlusal relationship when the patient bites into it

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Utility wax, which is used to adapt impression tray borders

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inlay wax, which is used to create wax patterns for cast restorations

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Sticky wax, which is used to join pieces of a broken denture temporarily

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is an amalgam separator, and why is it required in dental offices?

A device installed in the vacuum system that captures amalgam particles from wastewater before it enters the sewer system, as required by the EPA

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A device that separates mercury from alloy during trituration for safer handling

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A special container used to store amalgam restorations after they are removed from teeth

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

A filtration system that removes amalgam dust from the operatory air during restoration placement

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is the purpose of the dental condenser (plugger) when placing an amalgam restoration?

To pack and compress the amalgam into the cavity preparation, ensuring dense adaptation to the cavity walls and elimination of voids

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To carve the anatomical shape of the tooth surface into the amalgam before it sets

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To remove excess amalgam from the margins of the restoration

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To polish the amalgam surface after the material has fully hardened

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What is bis-acryl composite used for in dental practice?

To fabricate custom temporary (provisional) crowns and bridges chairside using a matrix or template

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To permanently cement porcelain veneers to prepared teeth

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To fill root canals after endodontic treatment is completed

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

To take final impressions for crown and bridge fabrication

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What type of dental wax is soft and pliable at room temperature and is used to make small adjustments to impression trays or to cover orthodontic brackets that irritate the cheek?

Utility wax

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Inlay wax

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Boxing wax

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Casting wax

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

What bonding technique involves etching both enamel and dentin with phosphoric acid before applying a primer and adhesive?

Total-etch (etch-and-rinse) technique

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Self-etch technique, which does not require a separate acid etching step

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Selective etch technique, which only etches the enamel but not the dentin

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Mechanical etch technique, which uses air abrasion instead of acid

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Which type of gypsum product is the strongest and most commonly used for fabricating working casts (dies) in the dental laboratory?

Type IV die stone (improved stone or high-strength stone)

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Type I impression plaster, which is designed for preliminary impressions

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Type II model plaster (plaster of Paris), which is the softest gypsum product

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

Type III dental stone (hydrocal), which is used for study models and diagnostic casts

Correct Incorrect Correct answer

DANB CDA – GC: Dental Materials — Quick Review

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